THERE ARE 5 OFFICIAL ERS COURSES FOR WICH THERE IS A FEWLLOWSHIP AVAIBLE FOR TRAINEES FROM EASTER EUROPE.

Advanced Course in Septorhinoplasty

Place	Ulm, Germany
Date	2012-03-06 - 2012-03-08
Course Director	Prof. Dr. G. Rettinger/Dr. M. Scheithauer
Secretariat	Eva-Maria Weis
Phone Number	Tel. 0049 731 500 59710
Fax Number	0049 731 500-59509
Email	course.ent@uniklinik-ulm.de
Website	www.uni-ulm.de/klinik/hno-klinik/
Information	eva-maria.weis@uniklinik-ulm.de

13th International Course on Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery of the Nose and Face “Around the Nose”

Place	Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Date	2012-06-06 - 2012-06-08
Course Director	Dr. K. Ingels and Niels van Heerbeek
Secretariat	IWOO, PAO Heyendael, Mrs Y.Savelkoul-Broekman
Phone Number	00 31 24 3619671
Email	Y.Savelkoul-Broekman@pao.umcn.nl
Website	wwwpaoheyendael.nl

44rd International Workshop on Functional and Endoscopic Sinus Techniques with Advanced Seminar

Place	Graz, Austria
Date	2012-06-27 - 2012-06-30
Course Director	Prof. Dr. H. Stammberger
Secretariat	Claire Zwerina
Email	claire.zwerina@meduni-graz.at
Website	www.endovienna2012.com
Information	english speaking version

Endoscopic approach to Rhinosinusitis in Sinonasal Disease

Place	London, United Kingdom
Date	2012-10-03 - 2012-10-06
Course Director	Prof V.J. Lund
Secretariat	UCL Ear Institute
Phone Number	004420 7679 8909
Fax Number	+44 020 7 837 9279
Email	ricky.kemp@ucl.ac.uk
Website	www.ucl.ac.uk/ear/training/short-courses
Information	a.ip@ucl.ac.uk

19th Rhinoplasty Course (International Course in Modern Rhinoplasty Techniques)

Place	Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Date	2012-10-24 - 2012-10-26
Course Director	D. J Menger
Secretariat	Margalith van Huiden
Fax Number	+31 20 566 9573
Email	m.b.vanhuiden@amc.uva.nl
Website	www.rhinoplastycourse.nl
Information	m.b.vanhuiden@amc.uva.nl

Courses under Auspices of the ERS

In addition to these 5 official courses there are courses that are organized on a regular base, and that are under auspices of the ERS-Society:

(reduction of 10% registration fee for members)

39th Course in Functional -Aesthetic Rhinosurgery (Advenced Course)

Place	Ulm, Germany
Date	2012-03-06 - 2012-03-09
Course Director	Dr. M. Scheithauer, Profd. dr. G. Rettinger, Prof. dr. N. Rotter
Secretariat	Mrs Weis, University of Ulm, ENT dept., Frauensteige 12, 89075 Ulm, Germany
Phone Number	00 49 731 500 59710
Fax Number	0049 731 500 59509
Email	course.ent@uniklinik-ulm.de
Website	www.uniklinik-ulm.de/hno

VII-International Congress, NOSE&FACE WORLD, IFFPSS

Place	Rome, Italy
Date	2012-03-09 - 2012-03-12
Course Director	Pietro Palma, MD
Email	rome2012@cq-tavel.com
Website	www.nosefaceworld-rome2012.net

Excellence in Rhinoplasty

Place	Leuven, Belgium
Date	2012-03-14 - 2012-03-16
Course Director	P. Hellings
Secretariat	dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
Phone Number	0032 16 332342
Fax Number	0032 16 332335
Email	P.Hellings@med.kuleuven.be
Website	www.excellenceinrhinoplasty.be

2nd Masters Dissection Course in Endoscopic

Place	Coventry
Date	2012-03-20 - 2012-03-22
Course Director	Shahzada Ahmed, Amjad Shad and Hisham Mehanna
Secretariat	Rachel Davies, Course Co-ordinator
Phone Number	Tel: 024 7696 8722 or
Email	info@MastersHeadNeckCourse.com
Website	www.MastersHeadNeckCourse.com

3rd Mediterranean Rhinoplasty Course

Place	Malta
Date	2012-03-22 - 2012-03-24
Course Director	Adrian Agius
Email	info@maltime.com
Website	www.maltime.com

5th World Congress for Endoscopic Surgery for the Brain Skull Base & Spine combined with The First Global Update on FESS

Place	Vienna, Austria
Date	2012-03-29 - 2012-04-01
Course Director	Prof.Stammberger
Secretariat	Bernadette Spitaler, Mondial Congress & Events
Phone Number	0043 1 58804 105
Fax Number	00 43 1 58804 185
Email	spitaler@mondial-congress.com
Website	www.endovienna2012.com

Endoscopic Surgery of the Sinuses and Eustachian Tube

Place	Massachusettes Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
Date	2012-04-02 - 2012-04-03
Course Director	Prof. Ralpoh Metson, MD
Secretariat	Carrie Erwin
Phone Number	001 617 227 4366
Fax Number	001 617 227 4482
Email	carrie.erwin@verizon.net
Website	www.cme.hms.harvard.edu
Information	www.sinusvideos.com

The Third Middle East Congress on Rhinology and Facial Plastic Surgery (MERC2012)

Place	Tehran, Iran
Date	2012-04-24 - 2012-04-27
Course Director	Mohsen Naraghi , MD
Secretariat	Rhinology Reserach Society
Phone Number	0098 21 88758705
Fax Number	0098 21 8874 343
Email	info@rhinologysociety.org
Website	www.merc2012.com
Information	for Europe: Dilyana Vitcheca, ENT dept. H&N, 81 A, Makairopolski Str, 4000 Poldiv, Bulgaria. As for Middle East: Masoud Boroojerdi , 2417 Vaiasr. Ave, Tehran 15336, IRAN

X Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Course

Place	Barcelona, Spain
Date	2012-05-03 - 2012-05-05
Course Director	Isam Alobid, Manuel Bernal,Joaquim Mullol
Secretariat	Aula Clinic/Direccio Docencia, Miss Isabel Gallego
Phone Number	0034 932279895
Fax Number	0034 932279859
Email	aclinic@clinic.ub.es
Website	www.barnacraneo.com/news
Information	theoretical course and hands on cadaver dissection

7th Congress, the International Federation of Facial Plastic Surgery Societies (IFFPSS) in cooperation with EAFPS and AAFPRS "Techniques, Tastes and Trends in Facial Plastic Surgery, a Global Perspective"

Place	Rome, Italy
Date	2012-05-09 - 2010-05-12
Course Director	Pietro Palma, MD
Email	rome2012@cq-travel.com
Website	www.nosefaceworld-rome2012.net

First Bulgarian-Italian Rhinology Friendship meeting

Place	Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Date	2012-05-17 - 2012-05-19
Course Director	Assoc. Prof. Dilyana VICHEVA, MD, PhD
Phone Number	+359 32 620 356
Email	dilyanav@yahoo.com
Website	www.bulgarianrhinologicsociety.org

Intern. Mastercourse on Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Place	Brussels, Belgium
Date	2012-05-30 - 2012-06-02
Course Director	P.Clement
Secretariat	Mrs K. Nuyts, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
Fax Number	0032 2 477 6880
Email	karine.nuyts@uzbrussel.be
Website	www.everyoneweg.com/imess
Information	langueage English

Endonasal Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, hands on course

Place	Zurich, Switzerland
Date	2012-06-04 - 2012-06-06
Course Director	Prof. dr. Daniel Simmen, Dr. Hans R. Briner
Secretariat	ORL-Zentrum, Klinik Hirschlanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, CH 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
Phone Number	00 41 44 387 28 06
Fax Number	00 41 44 387 28 08
Email	kuhnen@orl-zentrum.com
Website	www.orl-zentrum.com

Around the Nose

Place	Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Date	2012-06-06 - 2012-06-08
Secretariat	Universitair Medisch Centrum St. Radboud, IWOO,PAO-Heyendael
Phone Number	0243619671
Email	Y.savelkoul-broekman@pao.umcn.nl
Website	www.paoheyendael.nl
Information	13th Int. course on Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery of hth Nose and Face

Rhinoplasty and Facial Plastic Surgery, hands on course

Place	Zurich, Switzerland
Date	2012-06-07 - 2012-06-08
Course Director	Prof. dr. Daniel Simmen, Dr. Hans R. Briner
Secretariat	ORL-Zentrum, Klinik Hirschlanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, CH 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
Phone Number	00 41 44 387 28 06
Fax Number	00 41 44 387 28 08
Email	kuhnen@orl-zentrum.com
Website	www.orl-zentrum.com

24th CONGRESS OF EUROPEAN RHINOLOGIC SOCIETY, 31th I.S.I.A.N

Place	Toulouse, France
Date	2012-06-17 - 2012-06-21
Course Director	E. Serrano
Phone Number	+33-5-34-452645
Fax Number	+33-5-34-452646
Email	regist-ers@europe-organisation.com
Website	www.ers-isian2012.com

24th INt. Course on Endoscopic Surgery of the Paranasal Sinuses

Place	Ghent, Belgium
Date	2012-08-22 - 2012-08-25
Course Director	Prof. Claus Bachert
Secretariat	mrs Lieve Ectors, Korte Meer 16, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
Fax Number	00 32 9 233 85 97
Email	Fess@semico.be
Website	www.fess-course.be
Information	Mrs Lieve Ectors

Endoscopic course for paranasal sinus and skull base surgery

Place	Bern, Switserland
Date	2012-09-06 - 2012-09-08
Course Director	Prof. dr. M. Caversaccio and Swiss Rhinology Board
Secretariat	University of Bern, dept. of ORL, Inserspaital and Instiutute of Anatomy
Phone Number	00 41 31 632 29 21
Fax Number	00 41 31 632 8808
Email	paranasal@swiss-meeting.org
Website	http://paranasal.swiss-meeting.org
Information	marco.caversaccio@insel.ch

An Endoscopic Approach to Rhinosinusitus

Place	London, UK
Date	2012-10-03 - 2012-10-06
Course Director	Prof. V. Lund
Secretariat	UCL Ear Institute, 332-336 Grays Inn Road, WC1X 8EE London, UK
Phone Number	00 44 20 76798909
Fax Number	+44 020 7 837 9279
Email	a.ip@ucl.ac.uk
Website	www.ucl.uk/ear/training/short-courses
Information	ricky.kemp@ucl.ac.uk

15th Croatian International Rhinosurgical Advanced School

Place	Zagreb, Croatia
Date	2012-10-09 - 2012-10-12
Course Director	Prof. dr. R. Mladina
Secretariat	Hospital Center Zagreb, Marcel Marjonovic Kavanagh
Phone Number	00385-1 2367-601
Fax Number	00385 1 2367-559
Email	info@ciras.eu
Website	www.ciras.eu

4th International Course on Functional and Aesthetic Surgery of teh Nose

Place	Imola (Bologna) Italy
Date	2012-10-14 - 2012-10-17
Course Director	Ignazio Tasca. M.D.
Secretariat	A&R Eventi sas di Verlicchi Clara e C., Via R. Benassi 28, 40068 San Lazzaro di Savena (Bo)
Phone Number	00 39 051 47 4238
Fax Number	00 39 051 4839525
Email	clara@areventi.it
Website	www.imolarhinoplasty2012.com

I. Alobid - S. Cardelus - P. Benitez - J.M. Guilemany - J. Roca-Ferrer - C. Picado - M. Bernal-Sprekelsen - J. Mullol

Persistent asthma has an accumulative impact on the loss of smell in patients with nasal polyposis

BACKGROUND: Loss of sense of smell is one of the most frequent complaints in patients with nasal polyposis (NP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of asthma and its severity on the sense of smell.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with massive NP and healthy controls were included. More than half of patients presented with asthma. Olfactometry by Barcelona Smell Test 24, nasal symptoms score, nasal endoscopy, allergy study, and paranasal sinus CT scan were assessed.
RESULTS: NP patients showed a significant impairment in smell detection, identification, and forced choice compared to the control. Asthmatics reported lower scores for detection, identification, and forced choice than non-asthmatic patients. Patients with persistent asthma had an increased impairment of sense of smell on detection, identification, and forced choice than patients with intermittent asthma. No significant differences were found between mild, moderate, and severe persistent asthmatics. Paranasal sinuses opacification was inversely correlated with smell detection, identification and forced choice.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that patients with NP have an impaired sense of smell, that asthma -particularly persistent asthma- has a further impact on sense of smell, and that loss of smell may be used as a clinical tool to identify the severity of both NP and asthma.

Rhinology2011 5; 49(5): 519-524.

N.M. Doddi - R. Eccles

The relationship between nasal index and nasal airway resistance, and response to a topical decongestant

The differences in the shape and size of the nose have been proposed to be an adaptation to climate with broad noses (platyrrhine) evolving in a warm humid environment where there was little need for air conditioning and narrow noses (leptorrhine) evolving in colder climates where the air needed more warming. The main aim of this research was to determine if there was any relationship between the shape of the nose as expressed in terms of nasal height and width (nasal index) and total nasal airway resistance (NAR), as one would predict that the narrower leptorrhine noses would have a greater resistance to air flow than the broader platyrrhine noses. It was also proposed that the narrow leptorrhine nose would have better developed vascular tissue than the broad platyrrhine nose in order to condition cold air, and would exhibit a greater response to nasal decongestion. No correlation was found between nasal index and NAR (r = -0.09) and similarly no correlation was found between nasal index and response to a topical nasal decongestant (r = 0.02). The absence of any physiological differences between the different nose types may be due to acclimatisation of participants to the area of recruitment.

Rhinology2011 5; 49(5): 583-586.

L. Fernández-Bertolín - J. Mullol - I. Alobid - J. Roca-Ferrer - C. Picado - L. Pujols

Impact of cell culture methods on the outcomes of the in vitro inflammatory response in nasal polyps

BACKGROUND: In vitro culture of nasal polyp cells is frequently used in the investigation of inflammatory mechanisms and effect of treatments in nasal polyposis. Research outcomes may, however, be influenced by the culture methodology used.
METHODS: Nasal polyp and nasal mucosa in vitro fibroblast cultures were pre-treated with foetal bovine serum (FBS)-free culture medium or medium supplemented with either FBS or charcoal-stripped (cs) FBS. Cells were then stimulated with FBS or csFBS, with or without different doses of dexamethasone for 4 and 24h. IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF and VEGF release and cell viability were measured.
RESULTS: The highest cytokine levels were found in growth-arrested cells stimulated with 10% FBS. csFBS poorly stimulated cytokine release. Nasal polyp released larger IL-8 amounts than nasal mucosa fibroblasts. Dexamethasone decreased cytokine production dose- and time-dependently in both nasal mucosa and nasal polyp fibroblasts. The IC25 of IL-8 inhibition by dexamethasone was higher in nasal polyp than in nasal mucosa fibroblasts. Cell viability did not differ among treatments.
CONCLUSIONS: Cytokine production by in vitro cultured nasal fibroblasts is affected by the culture conditions used and is inhibited by dexamethasone in both fibroblast types. Our results highlight the importance of culture methodology on nasal polyp research outcomes.

Rhinology2011 5; 49(5): 562-569.

J.P. Diaz-Molina - J.L. Llorente - B. Vivanco - P. Martínez-Camblor - M. Florentino-Fresno - J. Pérez-Escuredo - C. Álvarez-Marcos - M.A. Hermsen

Wnt-pathway activation in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is an epithelial cancer of the sinonasal sinuses that shows histological similarity to colorectal cancer (CRC) and share chronic inflammation as a possible etiological factor. The Wnt-pathway is one of the most important tumourigenic pathways in CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate if the Wnt-pathway is activated in ITAC.
METHODOLOGY: Protein expression profiles of E-cadherin, β-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1 were analysed by immunohistochemistry in 83 samples of ITAC, organized into tissue microarray blocks.
RESULTS: Nuclear β-catenin expression was observed in 31% of the cases and was twice as frequent in papillary/colonic ITAC compared to solid/mucinous subtypes. Loss of membranous β-catenin staining occurred in 24% and loss of membranous E-cadherin in 6% of the cases and this was more prominent in mucinous types. Strong c-myc and cyclin D1 expression was observed in 30% and 4% of the cases, respectively. Nuclear β-catenin expression was significantly related to poor clinical outcome, independent from established factors as tumour stage and histological type.
CONCLUSION: The presence of nuclear β-catenin in 31% of patients with ITACs indicated that in a subset of patients, the Wnt-pathway is active and conveys a worse prognosis.

Rhinology2011 5; 49(5): 593-599.

H. Blomster - T. Kemppainen - J. Numminen - P. Ruoppi - J. Sahlman - M. Peltonen - J. Seppä - H. Tuomilehto

Impaired nasal breathing may prevent the beneficial effect of weight loss in the treatment of OSA

BACKGROUND: Weight loss is considered an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in overweight patients. Some patients, however, do not benefit from weight loss. It has been postulated that nasal obstruction may act as an independent risk factor for OSA.
OBJECTIVE: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands The aim of our study was to evaluate whether impaired nasal airflow might explain the missing effect of weight reduction on OSA.
METHODOLOGY: Fifty-two overweight adult patients with mild OSA were recruited. After the 12-month lifestyle intervention, all patients who achieved ≥ 5% weight loss were divided into two groups based on whether they still had OSA or not. Change in nasal resistance measured by rhinomanometer and AHI were the main outcome variables.
RESULTS: A total of 26/52 patients achieved 5% weight reduction. Of those 26 patients, 16 were objectively cured from OSA and 10 patients did not benefit from weight loss. Nasal resistance reduced significantly more in patients who had been cured from OSA. Smoking had a negative impact on both nasal resistance and improvement of AHI.
CONCLUSIONS: Impaired nasal breathing and smoking may prevent the beneficial effects of weight reduction in the treatment of OSA.

Rhinology2011 5; 49(5): 587-592.